La India may have exhibited a range of musical abilities over the course of her long and winding career, from freestyle and house to Latin pop and reggaeton, but she’ll be defined forever by her run of chart-topping New York salsa hits for the RMM label in the mid- to late ’90s, when she was crowned the Princess of Salsa by none other than
Celia Cruz.
India began her recording career in the late ’80s, just as the heyday of freestyle was fading away. She was inseparable from producer
“Little” Louie Vegaduring this period, and together they recorded some seminal music, especially in the mold of house music. In particular, her recordings with
Vega‘s
Masters at Work project (“I Can’t Get No Sleep,” “When You Touch Me,” “To Be in Love”) are classic. On the other hand,
India‘s solo career went big-time in 1994 with the release of
Dicen Que Soy, her debut for RMM, the premier New York salsa label of the 1990s. This album and its follow-up,
Sobre el Fuego (1997), were monumental successes that ensured the salsera’s ubiquity on tropical radio for several years. At the end of the decade,
India receded from the limelight, recording much more sparingly than she had during the ’90s. She still racked up hits and retained a feverish fan following, make no mistake, but not on the same level nor at the same pace. Furthermore, she broadened her style to incorporate forms of tropical music other than salsa.
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Born
Linda Viera Caballero on March 9, 1970, in Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico,
India grew up in a section of the South Bronx known as La Candela. Her parents moved there shortly after her birth, moving in with her grandmother, a world-wise, cigar-smoking woman who was a key influence in
India‘s life.
India, who was nicknamed such because of her fine facial features, began singing as a young girl and even took opera classes briefly. She attended grade school in the Bronx, and that’s where she met
Louie Vega, someone else who would become a key figure in her life, both as her producer as well as her husband.
Vega, the nephew of salsa icon
Héctor Lavoe, introduced her to the city’s burgeoning hip-hop and freestyle scenes, and though only a teenager, she ended up joining the freestyle trio
TKA. Produced by
the Latin Rascals,
TKAended up recording some seminal freestyle for Tommy Boy, and they’re perhaps best known for the membership of
Louis “Kayel” Sharpe (aka
K7of “Come Baby Come” fame).
India‘s relations with
TKA remain sketchy, but this much is known: she performed live with the group at shows in New York and Miami; she is pictured — front and center, dressed in red — with the trio on the cover of the
Come Get My Love 12″ EP (1986); and her debut single, “Dancing on the Fire,” was planned to be included on
Scars of Love(1987), the group’s debut album, on which she allegedly sang some uncredited background vocals.
In any event,
India embarked on a solo career. She quickly aligned herself with producer
John “Jellybean” Benitez, who was quite famous at the time thanks to his work with
Madonna, among many others.
India signed to
Benitez‘s vanity label at Warner Bros., Jellybean, and debuted with a maxi-single, Dancing on the Fire (1988). Produced by
Benitez, the title track appears there in five different mixes by
Vega, who was now billing himself as
“Little” Louie Vega. Next came a second maxi-single,
Right from the Start (1989), this one produced by
Mantronik, remixed by
David Morales, and released by a different division of Warner, Reprise Records. A couple months later,
India‘s debut full-length,
Breaking Night (1990), followed, and with it came a couple further singles, “The Lover Who Rocks You (All Night)” and “You Should Be Loving Me.” Out of print for years,
Breaking Night is a curious album — a snapshot in time, capturing the moment when freestyle was flickering out, giving way to the style of house music that would become synonymous with
Masters at Work.
Benitez and
Vega split the bulk of the production, and
Jocelyn Brown can be heard singing background vocals. Curious or not,
Breaking Night didn’t sell well; a few of the maxi-singles charted, but not the album itself. And so
India‘s time with Warner Bros. came to an end just as it was starting.
Now it was
Vega‘s turn to assume the spotlight, and so
India assisted him with his solo debut full-length,
When the Night Is Over (1991), co-writing half the songs. Released by Atlantic and likewise out of print for years,
When the Night Is Over is another curiosity, for in addition to its demonstration of
Vega‘s burgeoning talent as a house producer, the album features future salsa superstar (and
J-Lo hubby)
Marc Anthony as lead vocalist. This team-up of
India,
Vega, and
Anthony resulted in one bona fide classic, “Ride on the Rhythm”; however, as with
Breaking Night, not much came of
When the Night Is Over in terms of mass-market commerce, and the Atlantic deal fell through in the wake of its release.
India and
Vega — married as of 1989 — stuck together nevertheless, and another opportunity presented itself soon enough, this time with Latin jazz pianist
Eddie Palmieri. Under his tutelage,
India went about recording a straightforward salsa album,
Llegó la India Via Eddie Palmieri(1992), with
Vega co-producing and mixing it alongside the Latin jazz legend. Released by a small independent label, Soho Sounds, in partnership with Sony Discos, which handled the manufacturing,
Llegó la India Via Eddie Palmieri created quite a buzz amid the New York salsa scene, ultimately reaching the Top Five of the Tropical/Salsa album chart.
Suddenly
India was a hot commodity, and she subsequently signed a recording contract with
Ralph Mercado‘s label, RMM Records, the leading New York salsa label of the era. Her first assignment with the label was an appearance at the June 1993 RMM all-star concert later released as
Combinacion Perfecta (1996). The concert brought together many of New York salsa’s living legends, such as
Celia Cruz and
Oscar d’León, and it took a moment to showcase RMM’s two rising stars,
Marc Anthony and
India, who sang a duet, “Vivir Lo Nuestro.” Released as a single in 1994, the song became a Top Ten hit and was subsequently included as a bonus track on
India‘s album debut for RMM. Meanwhile, she assisted
Vega with a project of his, namely
Masters at Work, a house duo also featuring
Kenny “Dope” Gonzalez. As
Masters at Work,
Vega and
Gonzalezwere just beginning to establish themselves, largely on behalf of the aforementioned “Ride on the Rhythm.” With
India as their lead vocalist,
Vega and
Gonzalezproduced a few tracks that would become classics: “I Can’t Get No Sleep” and “When You Touch Me.” Released as singles by Cutting Records, as well as on
The Album,
Masters at Work‘s full-length debut, these songs only brightened her rising star, as did a couple other
Vegaproductions that followed: “Love & Happiness (Yemaya y Ochún)” and “Beautiful People.” Both released by Strictly Rhythm Records in early 1994, the former was featured in various mixes on The Tribal EP, billed under the guise of
River Ocean, while the latter was a
Barbara Tucker lead vocal performance arranged, co-written, and partly sung by
India.
Following these classic house sessions,
India made her RMM debut with
Dicen Que Soy (1994), produced by salsa maestro
Sergio George. In short, it was her mainstream breakthrough. Not only did
Dicen Que Soy spawn five charting hit singles (“Nunca Voy a Olvidarte,” “Que Ganas de No Verte Mas,” “Ese Hombre,” “Dicen Que Soy,” and “O Ella o Yo” — two of which topped the Latin Tropical/Salsa Airplay chart, and all of which were Top Tens), but it also broke into the Top Five of the Top Latin Albums chart and topped the Tropical/Salsa one.
Dicen Que Soy was more than popular; it was a phenomenon. During 1994-1995,
India was to salsa what
Olga Tañón was to merengue: her music was ubiquitous on tropical radio. Needless to say, RMM was pleased with the reception of
Dicen Que Soy, and
Mercado proceeded to capitalize on his label’s new superstar, teaming her once again with a Latin jazz legend, in this case
Tito Puente, and upping the ante further by featuring
the Count Basie Orchestra on a few songs as well. Produced, directed, and chiefly arranged by
Puente,
Jazzin’ (1996) is comprised of several jazz warhorses, such as “Fever,” “Love for Sale,” and “Wave.” There’s certainly nothing novel about these songs, which have been played to death over the years; however, the performances are given a strong dash of salsa flavoring, which leads to some excitement, as
India is clearly spotlighted throughout. Also in 1996, RMM licensed
Llegó la India Via Eddie Palmieri for reissue and then released
Mega Mix, which splices together previously released highlights in an attempt to create something new for insatiable consumers. This was also the year
India and
Vega divorced, as their musical careers were heading in different directions and moving increasingly fast.
The following year was another big one for
India, as it most notably included the release of
Sobre el Fuego (1997) by RMM. Produced by
Isidro Infante and featuring collaborations with labelmates
Celia Cruz and
Johnny Rivera,
Sobre el Fuegomatched the massive success of
Dicen Que Soy, likewise breaking into the Top Five of the Top Latin Albums chart and topping the Tropical/Salsa one. It spun off a run of hit singles, the highest-charting among them “Me Canse de Ser la Otra,” “Mi Mayor Venganza,” and “Costumbres,” which each reached the Hot Latin Tracks Top Ten. Also in 1997,
India cast a tall shadow over the house scene, with a few instant classics produced by
Masters at Work. First, there was her standout appearance on the duo’s eponymous
Nuyorican Soul album for Giant Step Records, “Runaway.” The disco-house track was released as a single, as was “To Be in Love,” an even bigger hit, on MAW Records, along with “India con Lavoe.” These many hits carried over well into 1998, with one single from
Sobre el Fuego after another entering the charts. And just when the
Masters at Work singles seemed to run their course, there was another
Nuyorican Soul single, “I Love the Nightlife (Disco ‘Round),” this one from the
Last Days of Disco soundtrack.
India‘s career subsequently began to slow down, as she steadily receded from the big time and released albums sparingly.
Sola (1999), the follow-up to
Sobre el Fuego, was a fairly low-key album, influenced by
La Lupe. Produced again by
Infantebut in a much less flashy manner, it spun off only two hits, “Hielo” and “Sola,” and didn’t sell as well as either
Dicen Que Soyor
Sobre el Fuego. Still, it was far from a disappointment, and some consider it among her best. Too, it was
India‘s final album for RMM, for the label declared bankruptcy in 2001; a greatest-hits compilation,
The Best…, was released by RMM in partnership with Universal Music Latino at the end of the year, bringing the most successful run of
India‘s career to a close. In the years that followed, Universal repackaged
India‘s RMM recordings endlessly, issuing budget-line compilations of all shapes, colors, and sizes.
Nevertheless,
India marched on with her recording career, beginning with Sony Discos. She only recorded one album for the label,
Latin Songbird: Mi Alma y Corazón (2002), but it was a fine, if uneven, effort that showcases a wider swath of Latin styles, including bolero, bachata, merengue, pop, and ballad exercises, in addition to salsa. As usual,
Latin Songbird did well on the tropical charts, reaching number one, as did the singles “Sedúceme” and “Traición.” Three years later, she surfaced on Univision with Soy Diferente (2006), a similarly eclectic album that acknowledges the concurrent rise of reggaeton. Some fans, especially longtime ones, took issue with the “salsatón” inflections, but Soy Diferente hit number one on the Top Tropical Albums chart and spun off three Latin Tropical Airplay Top Five singles (“Soy Diferente,” “Solamente una Noche,” “Lágrimas”).
